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Wolfenbüttel is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, located on the Oker river about 13 kilometres south of Brunswick.〔The Latin adjective deriving from the town is Guelpherbytanus; e.g. Bibliotheca Guelpherbytana.〕 It is the seat of the District of (''Landkreis'') Wolfenbüttel and of the bishop of the Protestant Lutheran State Church of Brunswick. It is also the southernmost of the 172 towns in northern Germany whose names end in ''büttel'', meaning "residence" or "settlement." == History == It is not known when Wolfenbüttel was founded, but it was first mentioned in 1118 as ''Wulferisbutle''. The first settlement was probably restricted to a tiny islet in the Oker river. Wolfenbüttel became the residence of the dukes of Brunswick in 1432. Over the following three centuries it grew to be a centre of the arts, and personages such as Michael Praetorius, Johann Rosenmüller, Gottfried Leibniz, and Gotthold Ephraim Lessing lived there. The ducal court eventually returned to Braunschweig in 1753 and Wolfenbüttel subsequently lost in importance. The Battle of Wolfenbüttel, part of the Thirty Years' War, was fought here in June 1641, when the Swedes under Wrangel and the Count of Königsmark defeated the Austrians under Archduke Leopold of Habsburg. The composer Johann Rosenmüller, who had to flee Germany due to allegations of homosexuality and spent many years in exile, spent his last years in Wolfenbüttel and died there on 1684. In the late 18th century, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing directed the ducal library, the Herzog-August-Bibliothek, and established one of the first lending libraries in Enlightenment Europe.〔Horn Melton, James Van, ''The Rise of the Public in Enlightenment Europe'' (Cambridge University Press, 2001), p106〕 During World War II, the city prison became a major execution site of prisoners of the Gestapo. Most of those executed were members of various Resistance groups.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Slave Labor in Nazi, Germany, Camps )〕 One such victim was a Dom Lambert, a monk of Ligugé Abbey in France, who was beheaded there on 3 December 1943.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Abbaye Saint-Martin de Ligugé )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wolfenbüttel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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